harsh

【形容词】

1. 严厉的；残酷的

harsh (adjective)

1. [of a person or their behavior] cruel or severe in manner or action

【例句】

1. Her harsh words brought tears to his eyes. （她的尖酸刻薄的话让他落泪。）
2. His harsh treatment of the prisoners is a violation of human rights. （他对待囚犯的残酷行为违反人权。）

2. 刺耳的；刺目的；粗糙的

harsh (adjective)

1. [of a sound, light, or texture] unpleasantly rough or jarring to the senses

【例句】

1. The harsh sound of the alarm clock woke him up abruptly. （刺耳的闹钟声使他突然醒来。）
2. The harsh winter wind cut through their clothing. （寒冷的冬风穿透了他们的衣服。）

3. 严峻的；艰苦的

harsh (adjective)

1. [of conditions or circumstances] difficult to endure; challenging

【例句】

1. They faced harsh living conditions in the refugee camp. （他们在难民营里面临着艰苦的生活条件。）
2. The company had to make harsh decisions in order to survive the economic crisis. （为了度过经济危机，公司不得不做出艰难的决策。）

【名词】

1. 严酷；苛刻

harshness (noun)

1. [uncountable] the quality or state of being harsh

【例句】

1. The harshness of his criticism made her feel discouraged. （他的严厉批评让她感到泄气。）
2. The harshness of the punishment shocked the public. （惩罚的严厉使公众感到震惊。）

【词语辨析】

在以下情境中，“harsh”与“cruel”均有“残酷的”之意，但“harsh”更强调行为或态度的严厉性，而“cruel”更强调对他人痛苦的无情。

1. His harsh criticism hurt her feelings. （他尖刻的批评伤害了她的感情。）
2. His cruel criticism crushed her spirit. （他残酷的批评打击了她的精神。）

【词汇扩充】

以下是一些与“harsh”相关的常用词汇：

1. rigorous：严格的
2. brutal：残忍的
3. gritty：粗糙的
4. severe：严峻的
5. rough：粗糙的
6. stern：严厉的
7. intense：强烈的

【近义词】

以下是一些与“harsh”近义的词汇：

1. rough
2. tough
3. severe
4. stern
5. cruel

【反义词】

以下是一些与“harsh”反义的词汇：

1. gentle：温和的
2. mild：温和的
3. soft：柔和的
4. lenient：宽容的
5. kind：善良的

【柯林斯词典】

harsh (adj.)

1. Someone who is harsh is unkind and unpleasant to other people. （对他人刻薄的；无礼的）
2. If you describe light, sound, or weather as harsh, you mean that it is very bright, loud, or unpleasant. （刺眼的；刺耳的；恶劣的）
3. If you describe someone's words or actions as harsh, you disapprove of them because you think they are cruel or unkind. （严厉的；残酷的）

【牛津词典】

harsh (adj.)

1. Unpleasantly rough or jarring to the senses. （刺耳的；刺目的；粗糙的）
2. Strict and demanding; severe. （严厉的；苛刻的）
3. Unpleasantly bright or distorted. （刺眼的；扭曲的）
4. Unpleasantly rough or dry. （刺激性的；粗糙的）

【用法】

以下是“harsh”这个词的常见用法：

1. She criticized him in a harsh manner. （她以严厉的方式批评了他。）
2. The harsh winter weather made driving conditions dangerous. （严寒的冬季天气使得驾驶条件危险。）
3. The teacher's harsh punishment was criticized by the students. （学生们批评了老师的严厉惩罚。）
4. The politician's harsh comments sparked a public controversy. （政客的尖锐言论引发了公众争议。）
5. She couldn't bear the harshness of his words. （她无法忍受他的尖刻话语。）

【中英双语例句】

1. 他父亲对他的行为很严厉，从不宠他。His father is harsh to him and never spoils him.
2. 这个国家的法律对犯罪行为采取了严厉的制裁措施。The laws of this country take harsh measures against criminal behavior.
3. 这位老师给学生的批评总是尖锐而严厉。The teacher's criticisms to students are always harsh and severe.
4. 她用严厉的语气对他说：“你应该为自己的行为负责。”She said to him in a harsh tone, "You should take responsibility for your actions."
5. 这个国家的环境条件很恶劣，人们生活在艰苦的环境中。The environmental conditions in this country are harsh, and people live in harsh conditions.
6. 这个地方的冬季气候非常严寒。The winter climate in this place is very harsh.
7. 这个国家的经济条件恶劣，人们生活很艰难。The economic conditions in this country are harsh, and people live a difficult life.
8. 他对待下属总是非常苛刻。He is always very harsh to his subordinates.
9. 这种音乐的节奏和旋律都很刺耳。The rhythm and melody of this music are both harsh.
10. 她的话听起来很尖酸刻薄。Her words sound very harsh.
11. 天气变得越来越恶劣，他们不得不提前返回营地。The weather became increasingly harsh, and they had to return to the camp early.
12. 在那个恶劣的环境中，他们很难找到食物和水。In that harsh environment, it was difficult for them to find food and water.
13. 他对待员工总是严厉苛刻，没有一点宽容之心。He is always harsh and demanding towards his employees, without any tolerance.
14. 这个地区的土地贫瘠，农作物生长条件恶劣。The land in this area is infertile, and the growing conditions for crops are harsh.
15. 这个国家的法律对毒品犯罪行为采取了严厉的惩罚措施。The laws of this country take harsh punitive measures against drug-related crimes.
16. 他的声音听起来很刺耳，就像指甲划过黑板一样。His voice sounds harsh, like nails scratching on a blackboard.
17. 他用粗糙的声音对她说：“离我远点！”He said to her in a harsh voice, "Stay away from me!"
18. 她的皮肤非常干燥，感觉很粗糙。Her skin is very dry and feels harsh.
19. 这种香料的味道很刺激性。The taste of this spice is harsh and stimulating.
20. 他的措辞过于刺耳，没有任何尊重他人的意思。His wording is too harsh and shows no respect for others.
21. 这个国家的行政管理非常严厉。The administrative management of this country is very harsh.