thermodynamics

Thermodynamics (热力学)

基本定义

Thermodynamics refers to the branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat, work, and energy. It provides a set of laws and principles that describe how energy is converted from one form to another and how it affects matter.

热力学是物理学的一个分支，主要研究热、功和能量之间的关系。它提供了一组描述能量如何从一种形式转换为另一种形式及其如何影响物质的定律和原则。

词语辨析

Thermodynamics is primarily a noun. There is no widely recognized adjective form; however, the term "thermodynamic" can be used as an adjective to describe properties or processes related to thermodynamics.

热力学主要是一个名词。虽然没有广泛认可的形容词形式，但可以使用“热力学的”来描述与热力学相关的属性或过程。

词汇扩充

• Thermal (热的): Related to heat.
• Equilibrium (平衡): A state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced.
• Entropy (熵): A measure of disorder or randomness in a system.
• Enthalpy (焓): A measure of total energy in a thermodynamic system.

近义词

• Heat transfer (热传递)
• Energy conversion (能量转换)

反义词

• Adiabatic (绝热的): A process in which no heat is transferred to or from the system.

柯林斯词典和牛津词典

根据柯林斯词典，thermodynamics is defined as the study of the relationships between heat, work, and temperature. The Oxford Dictionary states that it is a branch of physics that deals with energy and its transformations.

根据柯林斯词典，热力学被定义为研究热、功和温度之间关系的学科。牛津词典则指出它是一个处理能量及其转化的物理学分支。

用法

Thermodynamics is frequently used in scientific contexts, particularly in physics and engineering. It is essential for understanding various processes, such as engines, refrigerators, and even biological systems.

热力学常用于科学领域，特别是在物理学和工程学中。它对于理解各种过程（如发动机、冰箱甚至生物系统）至关重要。

例句

• The laws of thermodynamics govern the behavior of energy in a system.

  热力学的定律支配着系统中能量的行为。

• In a closed system, energy is conserved according to the first law of thermodynamics.

  在一个封闭系统中，能量根据热力学第一定律保持不变。

• The concept of entropy is crucial in understanding thermodynamic processes.

  熵的概念对于理解热力学过程至关重要。

• Heat engines operate based on the principles of thermodynamics.

  热机的工作原理基于热力学的原则。

• Thermodynamic equilibrium occurs when all parts of a system are at the same temperature.

  当系统的所有部分处于相同温度时，就会出现热力学平衡。

• The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time.

  热力学第二定律指出，孤立系统的总熵随时间不会减少。

• Understanding enthalpy is essential for calculating energy changes in chemical reactions.

  理解焓对于计算化学反应中的能量变化至关重要。

• The efficiency of a thermal system can be improved by applying thermodynamic principles.

  通过应用热力学原理，可以提高热系统的效率。

• In an adiabatic process, no heat is exchanged with the surroundings.

  在绝热过程中，周围环境没有热量交换。

• Many engineering applications rely on the principles of thermodynamics.

  许多工程应用依赖于热力学原理。

• Thermodynamic properties can be calculated using equations of state.

  热力学属性可以通过状态方程进行计算。

• The study of thermodynamics is fundamental for mechanical engineering.

  热力学的研究是机械工程的基础。

• In a reversible process, the system can be returned to its initial state without any energy loss.

  在可逆过程中，系统可以在没有能量损失的情况下恢复到其初始状态。

• The efficiency of a car engine is limited by the laws of thermodynamics.

  汽车发动机的效率受到热力学定律的限制。

• In thermodynamics, work is defined as the energy transferred when a force is applied.

  在热力学中，功被定义为施加力时转移的能量。

• The relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature is described by the ideal gas law in thermodynamics.

  压力、体积和温度之间的关系由热力学中的理想气体法则描述。

• To improve energy efficiency, engineers often apply thermodynamic cycles.

  为了提高能量效率，工程师们通常应用热力学循环。

• Understanding the fundamental principles of thermodynamics is essential for scientists.

  理解热力学的基本原理对科学家来说至关重要。